From: thu@thefreesite.com (Thu) Newsgroups: rec.arts.books.tolkien Subject: LotR: Changes between First and Second Editions Date: 15 Jul 2004 12:03:07 -0700 Organization: http://groups.google.com Lines: 428 Message-ID: <488fedf8.0407151103.325ad275@posting.google.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 80.189.121.11 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Trace: posting.google.com 1089918188 5199 127.0.0.1 (15 Jul 2004 19:03:08 GMT) X-Complaints-To: groups-abuse@google.com NNTP-Posting-Date: Thu, 15 Jul 2004 19:03:08 +0000 (UTC) Path: nightfall.franklin.ch!pfaff2.ethz.ch!news-zh.switch.ch!irazu.switch.ch!switch.ch!in2p3.fr!proxad.net!postnews2.google.com!not-for-mail Xref: nightfall.franklin.ch rec.arts.books.tolkien:158397 I've accumulated the following from HoME and other sources, if you can add any to them post them here. The significant changes made in the Second Edition (1966) were few. On FR p. 14, where the later text has ?There for a thousand years they were little troubled by wars ?? to ?? the Hobbits had again become accustomed to plenty?, the First Edition had simply ?And thenceforward for a thousand years they lived in almost unbroken peace? (thus without the mention of the Dark Plague, the Long Winter, and the Days of Dearth). At the beginning of the next paragraph the reading of the Second Edition, ?Forty leagues it stretched from the Far Downs to the Brandywine Bridge, and fifty from the northern moors to the marshes in the south?, was substituted for ?Fifty leagues it stretched from the Westmarch under the Tower Hills to the Brandywine Bridge, and nearly fifty from the northern moors ??. My father noted that the word ?nearly? was (wrongly) omitted in the text of the Second Edition, ?so this must be accepted?. On FR p. 16, in ?Three Elf-towers of immemorial age were still to be seen on the Tower Hills?, the words ?on the Tower Hills? were an addition, and in a following sentence ?upon a green mound? was changed from ?upon a green hill?. At the end of this first section of the Prologue (FR p. 17) the sentence ?Hobbits delighted in such things ?? was in the First Edition put in the present tense throughout. Lastly, in the first paragraph of the third section, FR p. 18, the sentence ?Outside the Farthings were the East and West Marches: the Buckland; and the Westmarch added to the Shire in S.R. 1462? was an addition. In the original texts the crossing of the East Road had been omitted (see pp. 46-7, 50). ? With ?Michel Delving? for ?Much Hemlock (in the Hornblower country)? and ?south-east? for ?eastward?, this is the reading of FR ? in the first edition of LR. In the second edition (1966) the text was changed to read: A mile or two further south they hastily crossed the great road from the Brandywine Bridge; they were now in the Tookland and bending south-eastwards they made for the Green Hill Country. As they began to climb its first slopes they looked back and saw the lamps in Hobbiton far off twinkling ? Certainly by oversight, the present passage was preserved with little change in the original edition of FR (p. 86): The sun had gone down red behind the hills at their backs, and evening was coming on before they came to the end of the long level over which the road ran straight. At that point it bent somewhat southward, and began to wind again, as it entered a wood of ancient oak-trees. It was not until the second edition of 1966 that my father changed the text to agree with the map: At that point it bent left and went down into the lowlands of the Yale making for Stock; but a lane branched right, winding through a wood of ancient oak-trees on its way to Woodhall. ?That is the way for us,? said Frodo. Not far from the road-meeting they came on the huge hulk of a tree This is also the reason for change in the second edition of ?road? to ?lane? (also ?path?, ?way?) at almost all the many subsequent occurrences in FR pp. 86-90: it was the ?lane? to Woodhall they were on, not the ?road? to Stock. The text of FR here, ?I did not know that any of that fairest folk were ever seen in the Shire?, was emended in the second edition to ?Few of that fairest folk are ever seen in the Shire.? In the first edition of LotR, Frodo's greeting to Gildor was elen síla lúmenn? omentielmo. Later Tolkien decided that the last word should have been omentielvo instead, and this form was used in later editions. ? and the name Bamfurlong was given to Maggot?s farm in ?A Short Cut to Mushrooms? (FR p. 100): ?We are on old Farmer Maggot?s land? of the First Edition became ?This is Bamfurlong; old Farmer Maggot?s land.? ?Far away answering horns were heard?: in all the variant forms of the ?Crickhollow episode? the reading is ?Far away? (adverbial). The reading of FR (p. 189), ?Far-away answering horns? (adjectival), which appears already in the first impression of the first edition, is I think an early error. Note on the course of the Road between Weathertop and Rivendell This was an element in the geography to which my father made various alterations in the Revised Edition of The Lord of the Rings (1966). I set out first three passages from the chapter ?Flight to the Ford? for comparison. (1) Page 212. Original text: (the original text has no passage corresponding) First Edition: ?That is Loudwater, the Bruinen of Rivendell,? answered Strider. ?The Road runs along it for many leagues to the Ford.? Second Edition: ?That is Loudwater, the Bruinen of Rivendell,? answered Strider. ?The Road runs along the edge of the hills for many miles from the Bridge to the Ford of Bruinen.? (2) Page 214. Original text: The hills now shut them in. The Road looped away southward, towards the river; but both were now lost to view. First Edition: The hills now began to shut them in. The Road bent back again southward towards the River, but both were now hidden from view. Second Edition: The hills now began to shut them in. The Road behind held on its way to the River Bruinen, but both were now hidden from view. (3) Page 200. Original text (p. 194): Eventually they came out upon the top of a high bank above the Road. This was now beginning to bend rather away from the river, and clung to the feet of the hills, some way up the side of the narrow valley at the bottom of which the river ran. First Edition: After a few miles they came out on the top of a high bank above the Road. At this point the Road had turned away from the river down in its narrow valley, and now clung close to the feet of the hills, rolling and winding northward among woods and heather-covered slopes towards the Ford and the Mountains. Second Edition: After a few miles they came out on the top of a high bank above the Road. At this point the Road had left the Hoarwell far behind in its narrow valley, and now clung close to the feet of the hills, rolling and winding eastward among woods (etc.) The description of the Road here is nearly that of the First Edition of FR (see p. 200): ?At this point the Road had turned away from the river, leaving it at the bottom of a narrow valley, and clung close to the feet of the hills, rolling and winding northward among woods and heather-covered slopes towards the Ford and the Mountains.? The ?bit and bridle? of Glorfindel?s horse flickered and flashed, as in the First Edition, where the Second Edition has ?headstall?. Cf. Letters no. 211, p. 279 (14 October 1958): ? bridle was casually and carelessly used for what I suppose should have been called a headstall. Or rather, since bit was added (I. 221) long ago (Chapter I 12 was written very early) I had not considered the natural ways of elves with animals. Glorfindel?s horse would have an ornamental headstall, carrying a plume, and with the straps studded with jewels and small bells; but Glorfindel would certainly not use a bit. I will change bridle and bit to headstall. The passage leading up to Bilbo?s song is much as in FR (pp. 245-6), but the sentence beginning ?Almost it seemed that the words took shape ?? is absent, and where FR has ?the interwoven words in elven-tongues? (?in the Elven-tongue?, First Edition) this text has ?the interwoven words in the high elven-tongue?. ?They went back to the old path on the west side of the Silverlode?, FR p. 360 (second edition: ?to the path that still went on along the west side of the Silverlode?). p. 169, 1. 27: of Barad-dur, Lugburz < of Mordor, or Lugburz Frodo looked round in horror. Dreadful as the Dead Marshes had been, and the arid moors of the Noman-lands [First Edition: of Nomen?s land], more loathsome far was the country that the crawling day now slowly unveiled to his shrinking eyes. In the First Edition the description of the topography differed from that in the Second Edition (TT p. 247), and read: The hollow in which they had taken refuge was delved in the side of a low hill and lay at some little height above the level of the plain. A long trench-like valley ran between it and the outer buttresses of the mountain-wall. In the morning-light the roads that converged upon the Gate of Mordor could now be clearly seen, pale and dusty; one winding back northwards; another dwindling eastwards into the mists that clung about the feet of Ered Lithui; and another that, bending sharply, ran close under the western watch-tower, and then passed along the valley at the foot of the hillside where the hobbits lay and not many feet below them. Soon it turned, skirting the shoulders of the mountains ? ? where the phrase ?that I had here a rascal of a rebel dwarf that I would gladly exchange for a servicable Orc?, present in Aragorn's reply to Gimli after showing himself in the Palantir in the first edition, is struck from the second. This was changed to: ?It was not known to us that any of the palantirs had escaped the ruin of Gondor. Outside the Council it was not among elves and men even remembered that such things had ever been, save only in a Rhyme of Lore preserved among Aragorn?s people.? And in the Return of the King the somewhat clumsy thoughts of Merry were replaced: ?He wondered, too, if the old King knew he had been disobeyed and was angry. Perhaps not. There seemed to be some understanding between Dernhelm, and Elfhelm, the marshal who commanded the éored in which they were riding. He and all his men ignored Merry and pretended not to hear if he spoke. He might have been just another bag that Dernhelm was carrying. Dernhelm was no comfort: he never spoke to anyone. Merry felt small, unwanted, and lonely? is replaced with a more succinct text which did not highlight Dernhelm so much; ?The king was not well pleased, and Dernhelm was no comfort: he seldom spoke a word.? In LR Elfhelm was not slain in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, but survived to command the three thousand Riders of Rohan who were sent to ?waylay the West Road against the enemy that was in Anorien? (RK p. 158; the leader of this force was not named in the First Edition This survived through all the texts to the galley, where ?The clothes that you were found in? was changed to ?The clothes that you journeyed in?. It was not until the Second Edition of 1966 that the passage was altered and extended, by changing Gandalf?s words to ?The clothes that you wore on your way to Mordor. Even the orc-rags that you bore in the black land, Frodo, shall be preserved?, and by his return of the Phial of Galadriel and the box that she gave to Sam (RK pp. 230-1; cf. p. 39 and note 2). As the text stood in the First Edition (going back unchanged to the fair copy manuscript B) it ran: ? For Sam he brought a coat of gilded mail, and his elven-cloak all healed of the soils and hurts that it had suffered; and when the Hobbits were made ready, and circlets of silver were set upon their heads, they went to the King?s feast, and they sat at his table with Gandalf ? In the Second Edition the passage was added in which Gandalf brought Sting and Sam?s sword, and Frodo had to be persuaded to wear a sword and to accept back Sting. At this time also the reference was added to ?the Standing Silence? before the feast began. Ernil a Pheriannath VIII. 287), and this survived into the First Edition of LR, changed to Periain in the Second. The reference to the Dunedain ?in silver and grey? and the description of Aragorn?s black mail and white mantle clasped with a great green stone was added to B, but the ?star upon his forehead bound by a slender fillet of silver? did not enter until the Second Edition; similarly Faramir still proclaimed him ?chieftain of the Dunedain of the North? (?of Arnor?, Second Edition) and did not name him ?bearer of the Star of the North? in the First Edition (see VIII. 299, 309; 389 and note 10). In B the text remained almost the same: ?Verily, for in the high tongue of old I am Elessar, the Elfstone, and the Renewer?, and this is the reading of the First Edition of LR. In the Second Edition Envinyatar was added before ?the Renewer?. The statements in RK that the Riders of Rohan left Minas Tirith on the eighth of May and that the sons of Elrond went with them are not found in any of the texts, and they remain absent in the First Edition; But the omission escaped notice, and Folcwine was not inserted until the Second Edition. The eleventh king (Hama in the original list) now becomes Leof (changed to Leofa in the Second Edition). Again as in A (note 8), Treebeard does not say when the release of Saruman had taken place, and this remained into the First Edition; in the Second Edition ?Yes, he is gone? was changed to ?Yes, he is gone seven days.? The text of the First Edition ran thus (RK pp. 260-1): Soon the dwindling company came to the Isen, and crossed over it, and came into the waste lands beyond, and then they turned northwards, and passed by the borders of Dunland. And the Dunlendings fled and hid themselves, for they were afraid of Elvish folk, though few indeed ever came to their country. But the travellers did not heed them, for they were still a great company and were well provided with all that they needed; and they went on their way at their leisure, setting up tents when they would; and as they went the summer wore away. After they had passed by Dunland and were come to places where few folk dwelt, and even birds and beasts were seldom to be seen, they journeyed through a wood climbing down from the hills at the feet of the Misty Mountains that now marched on their right hand. As they came out again into open country they overtook an old man leaning on a staff. . . As noted above, in the Second Edition Treebeard told Gandalf that Saruman had been gone seven days; and in the revision of the passage just cited the First Edition text ?After they had passed by Dunland and were come to places where few folk dwelt, and even birds and beasts were seldom to be seen, they journeyed through a wood ?? was altered to ?On the sixth day since their parting from the King they journeyed through a wood ?? By this change the company was still in Dunland when they came upon Saruman, and a little later in the narrative, after ?I fancy he could do some mischief still in a small mean way? (RK p. 263), my father added in the Second Edition: ?Next day they went on into northern Dunland, where no men now dwelt, though it was a green and pleasant country? (northern Dunland, rather than the country north of Dunland, now becoming the uninhabited region). From this point, the end of the Saruman episode, the text B continues: September came in with a golden morning shimmering above silver mists; and looking out they saw away to the east the sun catching three peaks that thrust up through floating cloud into the sky: Caradhras, Celebras, and Fanuiras. They were near once more to the Gates of Moria. And now came another parting ? This must mean that it was on the first of September that they saw the Mountains of Moria. This was developed by a late emendation to C to the reading of the First Edition: September came in with golden days and silver nights. At last a fair morning dawned, shimmering above gleaming mists; and looking from their camp on a low hill the travellers saw away in the east the Sun catching three peaks that thrust up into the sky through floating clouds: Caradhras, Celebdil, and Fanuidhol. They were near to the Gates of Moria. Here now for seven days they tarried, for the time was at hand for another parting ? In the Second Edition this passage (from ?September came in ??) was extended by references to the Swanfleet river, the falls, and the ford by which the company crossed. This was changed at once to the text of RK (p. 282), but with ?One [runner] came in from Bamfurlong last night?. Bamfurlong was the reading of the First Edition here. In the Second Edition it was changed to Whitfurrows (which though shown on the map of the Shire was never mentioned in the text of the First Edition), ? where there is a difference between the First and Second Editions: in the First he says ?I may have life far longer than other men?, but in the Second ?I shall?) In the first edition of LR (Appendices) Finrod was still the name of third son of Finwe, as in the Quenta Silmarillion, and his son was Felagund (in QS also named Inglor); it was not till the second edition of 1966 that Finrod son of Finwe became Finarfin, and his son Inglor Felagund became Finrod Felagund. The opening paragraph ?Fëanor was the greatest of the Eldar in arts and lore ??, very briefly recounting the history of the Silmarils, the rebellion of Fëanor, and the war against Morgoth, was not present in the First Edition In the Second Edition he changed them to Ostoher, Ondoher (and also the original name of Hyarmendacil I, Ciryahir (Kiryahir), which was altered to Ciryaher) Note on the expansion of the tale of the Kin-strife in the Second Edition In the First Edition of The Lord of the Rings the account of the Kin-strife (or more accurately of the events leading to it) was much briefer than that in the Second Edition, and read as follows (RK pp. 325-6 in both editions): Nonetheless it was not until the days of Romendacil II that the first great evil came upon Gondor: the civil war of the Kin-strife, in which great loss and ruin was caused and never fully repaired. ?The Northmen increased greatly in the peace brought by the power of Gondor. The kings showed them favour, since they were the nearest in kin of lesser Men to the Dunedain (being for the most part descendants of those peoples from whom the Edain of old had come); and they gave them wide lands beyond Anduin south of Greenwood the Great, to be a defence against men of the East. For in the past the attacks of the Easterlings had come mostly over the plain between the Inland Sea and the Ash Mountains. ?In the days of Romendacil II their attacks began again, though at first with little force; but it was learned by the King that the Northmen did not always remain true to Gondor, and some would join forces with the Easterlings, either out of greed for spoil, or in the furtherance of feuds among their princes. ?Romendacil therefore fortified the west shore of Anduin as far as the inflow of the Limlight, and forbade any stranger to pass down the River beyond the Emyn Muil. He it was that built the pillars of the Argonath at the entrance to Nen Hithoel. But since he needed men, and desired to strengthen the bond between Gondor and the Northmen, he took many of them into his service and gave to some high rank in his armies. ?In return he sent his son Valacar to dwell for a while with Vidugavia, who called himself the King of Rhovanion, and was indeed the most powerful of their princes, though his own realm lay between Greenwood and the River Running. There Valacar was wedded to Vidugavia?s daughter, and so caused later the evil war of the Kin-strife. ?For the high men of Gondor already looked askance at the Northmen among them ? The names Angomaite and Sangahyanda were changed to Angamaite and Sangahyando in the Second Edition. In the text of the First Edition there was no reference to the name Romendacil as having been taken by Calmacil?s son after his victory over the Easterlings in 1248, and indeed there was no mention of the victory. In the Second Edition, in the list of the Kings of Gondor (RK p. 318), the original text ?Calmacil 1304, Romendacil II 1366, Valacar? was altered to ?Calmacil 1304, Minalcar (regent 1240-1304), crowned as Romendacil II 1304, died 1366, Valacar?. In the First Edition there were no notes, in the list of the Kings of the Mark, to the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth kings, Brytta, Walda, and Folca. In the First Edition, while the eleventh king is named Leof by the minstrel in Edoras in ?Many Partings?, in the list of the Kings of the Mark in Appendix A (II) the eleventh king is Brytta, with no explanation given. In the Second Edition the explanation was added: ?He was called by his people Leofa, for he was loved by all; he was openhanded and a help to all the needy.? The course of this river was marked already on the First Map (VII. 305), flowing down from the Misty Mountains to join the Greyflood above Tharbad. It was not referred to in the text of the First Edition, but was named the Glanduin in Appendix A (I, iii, first paragraph). Treebeard?s name of Lorien was spelt Laurelindorinan, and this survived into the First Edition, becoming Laurelindorenan in the Second. He still says to Galadriel and Celeborn O vanimar vanimalion ontari (p. 64), O being changed to A on text B and ontari to nostari on C. The comma after vanimar was added in the Second Edition. The solution of this must lie in the fact that in the First Edition of The Lord of the Rings (ibid.) Aragorn?s death was placed twenty years earlier, in Shire Reckoning 1521, i.e. Fourth Age 100. The date given in the letter of 1964 (?about 100 years after the Downfall?) is indeed too early even according to the dating of the First Edition, but that is readily explained as being a rough approximation appropriate in the context. More puzzling are the dates given in the two versions of the first page of the late text C? which do not agree with the date of Aragorn?s death in the Second Edition (1966). The first of these (?nearly 110 years?) can be explained as merely taking up the reading of text B, which my father was following; but in the second version he evidently gave thought to the date, for he changed it to ?105 years?: that is, Fourth Age 103. I am at a loss to explain this. Appendix A (III), Gundabad appears in the account of the War of the Dwarves and Orcs late in the Third Age, where the Dwarves ?assailed and sacked one by one all the strongholds of the Orcs that they could [find] from Gundabad to the Gladden? (the word ?find? was erroneously dropped in the Second Edition). In Appendix B Elrond wedded Celebrian 2400 years before, in Third Age 100 (changed to 109 in the Second Edition). ? in Appendix B Elladan and Elrohir were born in 139 (changed to 130 in the Second Edition) and Arwen in 241. Thus in the Second Edition (1966) of The Lord of the Rings, at the end of the prefatory remarks to the Tale of Years of the Second Age, he added the sentence: ?Celebrimbor was lord of Eregion and the greatest of their craftsmen; he was descended from Fëanor.? ###### Reply-To: "Conrad Dunkerson" From: "Conrad Dunkerson" Newsgroups: rec.arts.books.tolkien References: <488fedf8.0407151103.325ad275@posting.google.com> Subject: Re: Changes between First and Second Editions Lines: 18 X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.2096 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2096 X-RFC2646: Format=Flowed; Original Message-ID: Date: Thu, 15 Jul 2004 21:21:57 GMT NNTP-Posting-Host: 141.153.175.193 X-Complaints-To: abuse@verizon.net X-Trace: nwrdny02.gnilink.net 1089926517 141.153.175.193 (Thu, 15 Jul 2004 17:21:57 EDT) NNTP-Posting-Date: Thu, 15 Jul 2004 17:21:57 EDT Path: nightfall.franklin.ch!pfaff2.ethz.ch!news-zh.switch.ch!switch.ch!solnet.ch!solnet.ch!news2.euro.net!fr.ip.ndsoftware.net!news.cs.univ-paris8.fr!border1.nntp.dca.giganews.com!border2.nntp.dca.giganews.com!nntp.giganews.com!cyclone1.gnilink.net!spamkiller2.gnilink.net!gnilink.net!nwrdny02.gnilink.net.POSTED!ef6ee649!not-for-mail Xref: nightfall.franklin.ch rec.arts.books.tolkien:158405 "Thu" wrote in message news:488fedf8.0407151103.325ad275@posting.google.com... > I've accumulated the following from HoME and other sources, if you can > add any to them post them here. I hate to do this to you because it is obvious you have done an amazing amount of work here, but... have you seen 'J.R.R Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography' by Hammond and Anderson? It contains most of this information in a similar compiled form and quite alot of additional detail besides. I skimmed through your notes on FotR and could not find any which were not listed in 'Descriptive Bibliography' while there are dozens (mostly only a minor change of word or phrase) of additional alterations listed there. If you have not done so you should definitely get hold of a copy for comparison. ###### From: Dirk Thierbach Newsgroups: rec.arts.books.tolkien Subject: Re: Changes between First and Second Editions Date: Wed, 21 Jul 2004 11:12:13 +0200 Lines: 19 Message-ID: References: <488fedf8.0407151103.325ad275@posting.google.com> X-Trace: news.uni-berlin.de MWzp86ly9f6vJjiubPmMygl+s0VP/s81qPNna5RG7lc0lemwZ27VYMFg== X-Orig-Path: not-for-mail User-Agent: tin/1.5.14-20020917 ("Chop Suey!") (UNIX) (Linux/2.4.20 (i686)) Path: nightfall.franklin.ch!pfaff2.ethz.ch!news-zh.switch.ch!switch.ch!solnet.ch!solnet.ch!fu-berlin.de!uni-berlin.de!not-for-mail Xref: nightfall.franklin.ch rec.arts.books.tolkien:158672 Conrad Dunkerson wrote: > "Thu" wrote in message > news:488fedf8.0407151103.325ad275@posting.google.com... >> I've accumulated the following from HoME and other sources, if you can >> add any to them post them here. > I skimmed through your notes on FotR and could not find any which were not > listed in 'Descriptive Bibliography' while there are dozens (mostly only a > minor change of word or phrase) of additional alterations listed there. But it's a great help for those of us who don't have the 'Descriptive Bibliography' (and cannot go to the next library to borrow it). And if all the remaining additional alterations are just minor changes, all the better. Thanks, Thu. Good job. - Dirk